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How to Get Married in Nepal?

Marriage is a significant milestone in one’s life, and in Nepal, it holds great cultural and social importance. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the process of getting married in Nepal, covering legal requirements, traditional customs, and practical considerations. Whether you’re a Nepali citizen or a foreigner planning to tie the knot in this beautiful Himalayan nation, this article will provide you with valuable insights and information.

Legal Requirements for Marriage in Nepal

Before embarking on your journey to matrimony in Nepal, it’s crucial to understand the legal framework surrounding marriage. The country’s laws and regulations ensure that marriages are conducted in accordance with established norms and protect the rights of both parties involved.

Minimum Age Requirement

In Nepal, the legal minimum age for marriage is 20 years for both men and women. This requirement is stipulated in the Civil Code 2017 (Muluki Dewani Samhita, 2074), which came into effect on August 17, 2018. The law aims to prevent child marriages and ensure that individuals entering into matrimony are mature enough to make informed decisions about their lives.

Consent and Capacity

Both parties must willingly consent to the marriage without any form of coercion or duress. Additionally, they must have the mental capacity to understand the nature and consequences of the marriage contract. The Civil Code 2017 emphasizes the importance of free and informed consent in marriage, protecting individuals from forced or arranged marriages against their will.

Marital Status

To legally marry in Nepal, both parties must be single, divorced, or widowed. Polygamy is illegal in Nepal, and individuals who are already married cannot enter into another marriage without first dissolving their existing union. The Civil Code 2017 prescribes penalties for those who engage in polygamous relationships, including imprisonment and fines.

Types of Marriages Recognized in Nepal

Nepal recognizes various forms of marriage, reflecting its diverse cultural and religious landscape. Understanding these different types can help you choose the most appropriate method for your union.

Civil Marriage

Civil marriage is a non-religious ceremony conducted by a government official, typically at a local municipality office or district administration office. This type of marriage is recognized by law and provides a legal foundation for the union. Civil marriages are particularly popular among couples from different religious backgrounds or those who prefer a secular ceremony.

Religious Marriage

Religious marriages are conducted according to the customs and traditions of specific faiths. Nepal, being a multi-religious country, recognizes marriages performed under various religious rites, including Hindu, Buddhist, Muslim, and Christian ceremonies. These marriages are legally valid as long as they comply with the country’s marriage laws and are registered with the appropriate authorities.

Customary Marriage

Customary marriages are traditional unions recognized by specific communities or ethnic groups in Nepal. These marriages often involve unique rituals and practices passed down through generations. While customary marriages are respected, it’s important to note that they must still adhere to national laws regarding age requirements and consent.

Steps to Get Married in Nepal

Getting married in Nepal involves several steps, from obtaining necessary documents to registering the marriage with local authorities. Follow this step-by-step guide to ensure a smooth process:

Gather Required Documents: Collect all necessary documents, including valid identification (citizenship certificate or passport), birth certificates, and proof of single status (if applicable).
Choose the Type of Marriage: Decide whether you want a civil, religious, or customary marriage ceremony.
Obtain a Marriage License: Apply for a marriage license at the local municipality office or district administration office. This typically requires submitting an application form, providing identification documents, and paying a nominal fee.
Arrange the Ceremony: Plan your wedding ceremony according to your chosen type of marriage. For civil marriages, schedule an appointment with the appropriate government official. For religious or customary marriages, coordinate with religious leaders or community elders.
Conduct the Marriage Ceremony: Participate in the marriage ceremony, ensuring that all legal requirements are met, including the presence of witnesses.
Register the Marriage: After the ceremony, register your marriage with the local authorities. This typically involves submitting a marriage registration form, along with supporting documents and photographs of the couple.
Obtain Marriage Certificate: Once the registration is complete, you will receive an official marriage certificate, which serves as legal proof of your union.

Marriage Registration Process

Registering your marriage is a crucial step in ensuring its legal recognition. The process may vary slightly depending on the location and type of marriage, but generally follows these guidelines:

Required Documents

To register your marriage in Nepal, you’ll need to provide the following documents:

Completed marriage registration form
Valid identification documents of both spouses
Proof of marriage (certificate from religious institution or civil authority)
Photographs of the couple
Citizenship certificates or passports
Birth certificates (if available)

Registration Procedure

Visit the local ward office or municipality where the marriage took place.
Submit the completed marriage registration form along with all required documents.
Pay the registration fee (amount may vary by location).
Provide witness signatures on the registration form.
Receive a confirmation of registration and wait for the official marriage certificate to be issued.

Marriage for Foreign Nationals in Nepal

Foreign nationals wishing to marry in Nepal must follow additional procedures to ensure their marriage is legally recognized both in Nepal and their home country.

Requirements for Foreign Nationals

Valid passport
Visa or immigration document showing legal stay in Nepal
Single status certificate or equivalent document from home country
Birth certificate
Passport-sized photographs

Additional Considerations

Foreign nationals should consult their embassy or consulate in Nepal to understand any specific requirements or procedures for their country. Some nations may require additional documentation or authentication of the Nepali marriage certificate for it to be recognized in the home country.

Traditional Nepali Wedding Customs

While legal requirements are essential, many couples in Nepal also incorporate traditional customs into their wedding celebrations. These customs vary among different ethnic groups and regions but often include:

Engagement Ceremony (Tika)

The engagement ceremony, known as “Tika,” involves the exchange of gifts and blessings between the families of the bride and groom. This event formalizes the commitment to marry and sets the stage for wedding preparations.

Pre-Wedding Rituals

Various pre-wedding rituals are observed, such as “Swayambar” (bride choosing the groom), “Mehendi” (application of henna on the bride’s hands and feet), and “Haldi” (turmeric ceremony for purification).

Wedding Ceremony

The main wedding ceremony, often conducted by a priest, involves rituals such as “Kanyadan” (giving away the bride), “Saptapadi” (seven steps around the sacred fire), and exchange of garlands and rings.

Post-Wedding Celebrations

After the wedding, celebrations continue with feasts, music, and dance. The bride’s departure to the groom’s home, known as “Bidai,” is an emotional moment marking the beginning of their new life together.

Legal Rights and Responsibilities in Nepali Marriage

Marriage in Nepal comes with certain legal rights and responsibilities for both spouses. Understanding these can help couples navigate their married life and make informed decisions.

Property Rights

The Civil Code 2017 provides for equal property rights for both husband and wife. Married couples have the right to jointly own and manage property acquired during the marriage.

Inheritance Rights

Both spouses have equal rights to inherit property from each other. In the event of one spouse’s death, the surviving spouse has a legal claim to the deceased’s property along with any children.

Divorce and Alimony

Nepal’s laws allow for divorce on various grounds, including mutual consent. The court may order alimony payments to the financially dependent spouse based on factors such as income, assets, and duration of marriage.

Child Custody

In cases of divorce, child custody decisions are made based on the best interests of the child. The court considers factors such as the child’s age, parental ability, and the child’s preferences (if old enough).

Conclusion

Getting married in Nepal involves navigating legal requirements, cultural traditions, and personal preferences. By understanding the process and following the necessary steps, couples can ensure their union is legally recognized and culturally meaningful. Whether opting for a civil ceremony or a traditional religious wedding, the key is to comply with Nepal’s marriage laws while celebrating your love and commitment.

For personalized legal advice on marriage in Nepal, it’s recommended to consult with a qualified legal professional. Axion Partners, a reputable law firm in Nepal, can provide expert guidance on marriage laws, registration procedures, and related legal matters, ensuring your journey to matrimony is smooth and legally sound.

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